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Mary, also known as Maria (137117 May 1395), was Queen regnant of Hungary and Croatia between 1382 to 1385 and from 1386. She was the older of the two daughters of Louis the Great, King of Hungary and Poland, and his wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia, to survive childhood. Her marriage to Sigismund of Luxembourg, a member of the imperial Luxembourg dynasty, was decided already before her first birthday. A delegation of the Polish prelates and lords confirmed Mary's right to succeed her father in Poland in 1379. Mary was crowned "king" of Hungary on 17 September 1382, seven days after her father's death. Her mother who assumed regency absolved the Polish noblemen from their oath of loyalty to Mary in favor of Mary's younger sister, Hedwig in early next year. The idea of a female monarch remained unpopular among the Hungarian noblemen whose majority regarded Louis the Great's distant cousin, Charles III of Naples, the lawful king. To strengthen Mary's position, the queen mother wanted to give her in marriage to Louis, the younger brother of Charles VI of France. Their engagement was announced in May 1385. Charles III of Naples landed in Dalmatia and Mary's former fianceé, Sigismund of Luxembourg, invaded the western parts of Upper Hungary (now in Slovakia) in September 1385. Under duress, the queen mother agreed to marry Mary to Sigismund of Luxembourg in October, but they could not prevent Charles from entering Buda in early December. Mary was forced to renounce and Charles was crowned king on the last day of the year. His brief reign ended with his murder at Queen Elizabeth's instigation in February 1386. Mary was restored, but the murdered king's supporters captured her and her mother on 25 July. The queen mother was murdered in January 1387, but Mary was released on 4 June 1387. Mary officially remained the co-ruler of her husband, who had meanwhile been crowned king, but her influence on the government was only nominal. == Childhood (1371–1382) == Mary was born in the second half of 1371 to Louis the Great, King of Hungary and Poland, and his second wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia. The couple had been childless for over a decade and never had a son. Her older sister, Catherine, had been born in 1370. Mary and Catherine gained another sibling, Hedwig, in 1374. Louis was deteminded to bequeath his realms and his claims to the Kingdom of Naples and Provence to his daughters. Consequently, securing marriage to one of Louis's daughters became a main goal of European royal courts. Before Mary's first birthday, her father made a promise to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, that Mary would be given in marriage to the emperor's second son, Sigismund of Luxembourg. Louis confirmed his promise in a deed in June 1373. Mary and Sigismund were closely related; her paternal grandmother, Elizabeth, was the sister of his great-grandfather, Casimir III of Poland. The papal dispensation which was necessary for their marriage was issued by Pope Gregory XI on 6 December 1374, but even their ''sponsalia de futuro'' was postponed, as neither Mary nor Sigismund had attained the age of seven. Leading Hungarian and Polish lords also confirmed Louis's promise of the future marriage of Mary and Sigismund on 14 April 1375. Mary's older sister, Catherine, who had been betrothed to Louis of France, died in late 1378. Louis repeated his former promise of Mary's and Sigismund's marriage to Sigismund's brother, Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, at a meeting in Zólyom (now Zvolen in Slovakia) in 1379. The two monarchs also agreed to acknowledge Urban VI as the lawful pope against Clement VII. The formal engagement of Mary and Sigismund took place in Nagyszombat (now Trnava in Slovakia) in the same year. Sigismund, who had become Margrave of Brandenburg, moved to Hungary. Louis summoned the Polish prelates and lords to Kassa (now Košice in Slovakia) in September 1379 and persuaded them to acknowledge Mary's right to succeed him in Poland. The contemporaneous Jan of Czarnków, who was biased against Louis, recorded that the Poles only yielded to the monarch's demand after he had prevented them from leaving the town by shutting its gates. Early next year, at a meeting with Leopold III, Duke of Austria, Louis strongly hinted that he would bequeath Hungary to his younger daughter, Hedwig, who had been engaged to Leopold III's son, William. Upon Louis's demand, a delegation of the Polish noblemen did homage to Sigismund and Mary on 25 July 1382. According to historian Oscar Halecki, Louis wished to divide his kingdoms between his two surviving daughters; on the other hand, Pál Engel and Claude Michaud write that the ailing king wanted to bequeath both Hungary and Poland on Mary and Sigismund. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary, Queen of Hungary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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